Artificial Rain Making Modern Science &Vedas
Science tells us nothing can be created from nothing. For making any rains it is necessary to have water bearing clouds. Till recently the phenomenon of precipitation of clouds was considered only on basis of physical sciences, and artificial rain making experiments were made with solid dry ice to initiate precipitation. But now with developments in biotechnology the role played by microorganisms in rain making is getting to be noticed. Discovery of the role of bacteria such as Pseudomonans Syrigae in nucleation of ice at higher temperatures opens the possibility that these bacteria can facilitate precipitation from water bearing clouds at the prevailing temperature. These bacteria are found profusely in green and rotting leaves at the ground levels. These bacteria are also known to spread very widely in the atmosphere and reach cloud heights on their own. At cloud levels they cause nucleation of ice at the prevailing cloud temperatures, and this induces the clouds to release rains. In absence of these bacteria clouds will have to travel to far colder higher mountainous regions to cause precipitation if any, and thus bypass many areas that were used to experience good rains in the past.
This microbiological phenomenon, to initiate precipitation of rains is described by the scientists in the report give below.
Man in his pursuit for urbanization has drastically reduced the green cover on ground . On hills to conserve forests for discouraging cattle for grazing and humans from getting firewood, planting of Pine trees has been promoted. The naturally growing ‘Banjh’ Quercus family – a dual purpose leaf fodder and firewood tree has been gradually replaced with planting of Pine trees. Pine needle fallen from the trees smother the green undergrowth by mulching. This results in total loss of green undergrowth on the Himalyas. The rain inducing bacteria Pseudomonas Syrigae get eliminated from the environment. This is resulting in turning our green Himalyas in to deserts without rains. The roots system of the green undergrowth also plays a very important role of soil stabilization. This in turn prevents soil erosion, landslides and floods in the hilly areas.
Although vegetative cover is known to help rain precipitation, but absence of these microorganisms in thin vegetations could be an explanation for Monsoon clouds bypassing certain green areas. The semiarid and Arid regions having thin vegetation, remain dry in spite of the fact that monsoon clouds pass over these areas.
There are enumerable references in Vedas to artificial rain making activities and specific Yagyas are described to promote rains. Yagyas can only be the facilitators for inducing the water bearing clouds to release the rains. Even some past experiments by scientists in India could not establish a positive result of Yagyas.( more due to our lack of scientific insights). In presence of widely present vegetation the environments could be rich with rain inducing microbes . Yagyas performed in such environments could facilitate the transport of these microbes to higher cloud level altitudes and induce precipitation.
This makes it very easy to understand the scientific wisdom of the following Ved mantra from Rig Ved.
ऋग्वेद 1/37/11 मरुतो देवता:
त्यं चिद् घा दीर्घं पृथुं मिहो नपातम मृध्रम् !
प्र च्यावयान्ति यामाभि: !!
(It is important to bear in mind that according to modern science of microbiology, the entire universe is pervaded by microbes. All life science phenomenons is progressively being conceive to be caused by actions initiated by microbial populations. In Vedas ‘Maruts’ मरुत are what modern science describes as microbes. Winds, Atmosphere, Rizosphere, Biosphere every physical reality is permeated by Microbes. This in turn is precisely the case with Maruts as described in Vedas.)
इस वेद मंत्र के तीन भाष्य निम्न लिखित प्राप्त होते हैं
1.महर्षि दयानंद कृत भाष्य से, मरुत देवता , (मिह: ) वर्षा जल से सींचने वाले पवन (यामाभि: )अपने जाने के मार्गों से (घ) ही (त्यम्) उस (नपातम्) जलो को न गिराने और (अमृघ्रम्) गीला न करने वाले (पृथुम्) बडे (चित्) भी (दीर्घम्) स्थूल मेघ को (प्रच्यावयान्ति) भूमि पर गिरा देते हैं.
2.सायण भाष्य: (मरुद्गण) निश्चय कर के उस किसी लम्बे चौडे न रोके जाने वाले मेघ के पुत्र (वर्षा) को अपनी यात्राओं के साथ हाँक कर ले जाते हैं.
3.दामोदर सातवलेकर भाष्य: (त्यं चित् घ) उस प्रसिद्ध (दीर्घ) बहुत लम्बे (पृथुं) फैले हुवे (अमृघ्रं) जिस का कोई नाश नही कर सकता ,ऐसे (मिह: न पातं)जल की वृष्टि न करने वाले मेघ को भी यह वीर मरुत् (यामाभि: ) अपनी गतियों से (प्र च्यावयन्ति) हिला देते हैं.
तीनो विद्वत् महानुभावों के उपरोक्त भाष्यों मे एक मुख्य विषय निर्विवादित है कि “ ऐसे लम्बे बडे मेघों से जो वर्षा नही करते मरुद्गण अपने प्रभाव से वर्षा करा देते हैं”
यह कैसे सम्भव होता है इस को आज आधुनिक विज्ञान इस प्रकार बता रहा है.पृथ्वी पर उत्पन्न हरियाली और गले सडे पत्तों मे जो सूक्ष्म जीवाणु पाए जाते हैं उन मे से कुछ को स्यूडिमोनस सिरिगै के नाम से जाना जाता है . यह सूक्ष्म जीवाणु वायुमंडल मे फैल कर आकाश की ओर मेघ मंडल तक पहुंच जाते हैं. इन जीवाणुओं मे मेघ मंडल मे वहां के ताप मान पर ही हिम कण उत्पन्न करने की क्षमता होती है. एसी के प्रभाव से मेघ मंडल वर्षा करने को बाध्य हो जाता है.
यदि मनुष्य अपने स्वार्थ वश पृथ्वी पर वनस्पति हरयाली की मात्रा को कम कर देता है, या ऐसे वृक्ष लगाता है जैसे पहाडों पर चीड (pine), जिस से पृथ्वी की हरयाली कम या समाप्त हो जाती है तो स्पष्ट है कि पृथ्वी पर वर्षा के उपयोगी मरुद्गणों का अभाव हो जाएगा. जिस के परिणाम स्वरूप वर्षा का अभाव हो जाएगा.
ऐसे क्षेत्रों मे जहां पर्याप्त हरयाली और वर्षा उपयोगी मरुद्गण वतावरण मे उपस्थित हों वहां विशेष यज्ञ द्वारा इन मरुद्गणों को मेघमन्डल मे पहुंचाने मे यज्ञाग्नि सहायक हो कर शीघ्र वर्षा कराती है.
David Sands on bacteria's role in rainfall
David Sands, professor at the Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, usa, hypothesized that there is a link between rainfall and bacteria in 1982. He didn't find many takers then. He has recently proved that bio precipitation does actually happen. He talks to Kirtiman Awasthi about the experiment and its implications
Findings
We have found that airborne bacteria may play a big role in the precipitation cycle. The bacteria act as nuclei around which ice forms. These biological nuclei can cause freezing at warmer temperatures.
Bacteria
There are three to four species of bacteria that are capable of ice nucleation. One of them, Pseudomonas syringae, is abundant in cool and wet season.The bacterium does not survive in hot (over 30°c) and dry weather. Though a pathogen, it generally survives as a saprophyte (on the plant surface) without causing diseases. These are not pathogenic to humans or animals because they cannot grow at body temperatures. The bacteria are also found in ice and rain drops at higher altitudes, which indicates they play a role in bio precipitation.
Process
Bacteria multiply on the surface of plants and wind then sweeps them into the atmosphere. Water clumps around the bacterium, leading to rainfall. When precipitation occurs, the bacteria make it back to the ground. Even if one bacterium lands on a plant, it can multiply and form groups, thus causing the cycle to repeat.
Experiment
We tried to show that the process holds true by carrying out an experiment. We treated 28 tonnes of wheat seeds with a copper bactericide and planted it in 400 hectares of dry land during spring in Montana. We found the bacteria appeared on the crop. As there were rainstorms during that period, we decided to see if these bacteria were in the air above the field. We held out simple samplers from the window of a small plane which was flown over the experimental field. We were able to detect these bacteria as high as 2 km above the ground. In the lab we then determined that they were ice nucleation active.
Over the years
We didn't receive a particularly positive response from other scientists when we introduced the concept of bio-precipitation at a meeting in Budapest, Hungary, in 1982. In the past 25 years, the science pertaining to these bacteria has progressed considerably. There are dna tests for identification and their genetics are now better understood. There are now large computers capable of providing us with models of clouds and sophisticated forecasting and backtracking of storms. Dead Pseudomonas syringae have been used for 20 years in water cannons to enhance snow making for ski resorts, so we know that they do not just function as ice nuclei in the laboratory. But live bacteria perform better. We found that killing bacteria by boiling or adding enzymes does not lead to effective ice nucleation.
Global warming
Since the bacteria does not grow above 30°c, precipitation could be affected if world's temperature rises. However, compared to other nucleants such as carbon dioxide and silver iodide, the bacteria may still function as effective nuclei. This is because the bacteria are capable of getting water to freeze at temperatures just below 0°c, (-2°c to -7°c), whereas other nucleants require temperatures that are 10-12°c colder.
Precipitation patterns
There are two kinds of approaches to changing global precipitation patterns. One is to let them happen, and the other is to try to ask if we have been unknowingly affecting precipitation by overgrazing, cropping systems, etc. The next step would be to ask what can we do to avert any damage. People have been trying to modify weather for a long time, without much success. Perhaps it is because there have been these bit part biological players in the game.
Implications
A reduced amount of bacteria on crops could affect climate. Also, overgrazing in a dry year could actually decrease rainfall, which could then make the next year even dryer. Drought could be less of a problem once we understand how rainfall is linked to bacteria.
Spread extent
These bacteria have been found almost everywhere but we do not know the extent of their activities, ice nucleation or otherwise. We need to study weather patterns relative to vegetation that supports such bacteria.
Date:
14/04/2008
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Source:
Down to Earth Vol: 16 Issue: 20080415
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